Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the production of haemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood. People with thalassemia require special attention to their diet to maintain optimal health and manage their condition effectively. This is true when it comes to thalassemia girls and women, as their nutritional needs may differ due to factors like menstruation and pregnancy.
India has the largest number of children with Thalassemia Major in the world, about 1 to 1.5 lakh. And about 10,000-15,000 children having Thalassemia Major are born every year. To live effectively with Thalassemia one should know the kind of food which should be taken by the Women or Girls who are affected by Thalassemia.
Nutrient-Rich Foods for Girls Affected by Thalassemia
1. Iron Management
What to Eat: Contrary to conventional wisdom, individuals with thalassemia should avoid iron-rich foods as their bodies tend to accumulate excess iron. Instead, focus on foods low in iron, such as grains, cereals, and vegetables. Opt for non-heme iron sources like beans, lentils, and tofu, which are less readily absorbed by the body.
What to Avoid: Red meat and iron-fortified foods are best avoided or consumed in moderation.
2. Calcium and Vitamin D
What to Eat: Calcium and vitamin D are essential for maintaining healthy bones, especially in women. Include dairy products like milk, yogurt, and cheese in your diet for calcium. Vitamin D can be obtained from fortified dairy products and spending time in sunlight.
What to Avoid: Limit the consumption of calcium supplements, as they can interfere with iron absorption.
3. Folate
What to Eat: Folate is crucial for individuals with thalassemia, as they often experience anaemia. Consume foods rich in folate, such as leafy greens, citrus fruits, and beans.
What to Avoid: There are no specific foods to avoid in relation to folate, but excessive consumption of processed foods should be limited to maintain overall health.
4. Protein
What to Eat: Protein is essential for the growth and repair of tissues. Lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, and plant-based proteins like beans, lentils, and tofu can help meet your protein needs.
What to Avoid: Excessive consumption of red meat should be avoided, as it can contribute to iron overload.
5. Hydration
What to Eat: Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Proper hydration can help prevent complications such as gallstones, which can be more common in individuals with thalassemia.
What to Avoid: Limit sugary and caffeinated beverages, as they can lead to dehydration.
Nutritional Challenges for Thalassemia Women
1. Menstruation
Thalassemia girls and women may experience heavy menstrual bleeding, which can exacerbate iron loss. It’s essential to consult a healthcare provider for guidance on managing this aspect of thalassemia.
2. Pregnancy
Thalassemia women contemplating pregnancy should receive specialized care and nutritional guidance. They may require additional iron and folic acid supplements to support the health of both the mother and the baby.
Proper nutrition is a cornerstone of managing thalassemia effectively. Thalassemia girls and women should be mindful of their dietary choices, focusing on foods that promote overall health while managing iron overload. As Dr. Suman Jain, Secretary & CEO of the Thalassemia & Sickle Cell Society, aptly noted, “Nutrition plays a vital role in the quality of life for individuals with thalassemia.” By adhering to a well-balanced diet tailored to their specific needs, thalassemia girls and women can enjoy a better quality of life and improved health outcomes. Always consult with a healthcare provider or nutritionist for personalized dietary recommendations based on individual needs and the severity of Thalassemia.
